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The human element in single or multi-factor access authentification is one of the best security measures for all premises and assets. Apart from key, credentials, smart cards, smartphones, access badges, key-fobs, PIN, and biometric input management, we make sure that our operators know how to control and intervene in different scenarios so that people do not subvert the access control list. An access control point, usually a door, turnstile, parking gate, elevator, or another physical barrier, might be actioned and unlocked by a mechanical/human action or electric locks armed with a keypad, a card or a biometric reader. Either a physical operator, a mechanism or both verify the credential against an access list to decide whether access should be granted.

While in some cases, a magnetic door switch can be used to monitor either the entry, the exit, or both, significant security options in free-exit cases are the electrical request-to-exit (REX) devices like a push-button or a motion detector and/or a mechanical free egress. When implemented so that the door alarm is temporarily ignored while the door is opened, it is essential that the security personnel possesses the information and technical capacity to locate and control the action of those.

Access control decisions are made by comparing the credentials to an access control list by a host, a server, an access control panel, or by a reader.

• Basic non-intelligent readers can simply read the card number, PIN, or biometric ID number of a user, and forward it to a control panel.
• Semi-intelligent readers have all inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware like a lock, door contact, and exit button, but do not make any access decisions. Instead, they forward the information to a control panel and wait for its response. If the connection is interrupted, such readers stop working or function in a degraded mode.
• Intelligent readers have all inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware, plus memory and processing power necessary to make access decisions independently. The control panel sends configuration updates and retrieves events from the readers, and the new generation “IP readers” communicate directly to a PC that acts as a host.

Some readers may have additional features like an LCD panel, function buttons like clock-in/clock-out events for data collection reports, camera/speaker/microphone for intercom, and a smart card read/write support.

• Serial controllers connected to a host PC via a serial RS-485 communication line.
• Serial main and sub-controllers where all door hardware is connected to sub-controllers that usually forward all requests to the main controllers for access decision.
• Serial main controllers and intelligent readers where all door hardware is connected directly to intelligent or semi-intelligent readers which forward all requests to the main controller. If the connection to the main controller is unavailable, the readers will use their internal database to make access decisions and record events. Semi-intelligent reader that have no database and cannot function without the main controller and is used only in areas that do not require high security.
• Serial controllers with terminal servers for network-enabled solutions that convert serial data for transmission via LAN or WAN.
• Network-enabled main controllers with an onboard network interface that allows faster and parallel transmission of user data to the main controllers. A redundant host PC setup is required so that in the case that the primary fails, the secondary starts polling network controllers.
• IP controllers connected to a host PC via Ethernet LAN or WAN for transferring a lot of data and initiating a connection to the host PC in case of an alarm. Reducing network traffic caused by unnecessary polling, simplified installation of systems consisting of multiple sites that are separated by large distances via a basic Internet link, and a wide selection of standard network connectivity equipment like fiber, wireless, VPN, dual path, and PoE are some of the advantages here.
• IP readers connected to a host PC via Ethernet LAN or WAN that are PoE capable (very easy to provide battery backed power to the entire system, including the locks and various types of detectors). They not only eliminate the need for controller enclosures and can be easily scaled with new main or sub-controllers, but continue functioning in case of individual failure. More expensive and sensitive, they should not be installed outdoors in areas with harsh weather conditions, or high probability of vandalism, unless specifically designed for exterior installation.

• Tailgating is the most common security risk of intrusion and consists of a person following the legitimate user through a door. Without the correct training and organizational mindset, it is often the legitimate user who will hold the door open for the intruder thinking that she/he might be a colleague or a client. SUS Global Enterprises minimizes this risk through awareness training of our agents and careful monitoring of turnstiles. In high-security zones where a sally port is implemented like a vestibule or mantrap, the security operator will intervene to additionally assure valid identification.
• While levering a door open is difficult on properly secured doors with strikes, high holding force magnetic locks, forced-door and time-monitoring alarms, there is always the risk of false positive alarms, poor database configuration, and lack of active intrusion monitoring. This is why we exceed in additional unarmed guards and armed guards provision for residential, commercial, industrial, and maritime premises.
• SUS Global Enterprises helps our clients establish All Hazards Plan or Incident Response Plan to mitigate risk from natural disasters. Pre-incident planning, during incident actions, disaster recovery, and after-action reviews are carefully studied.
• Crashing through cheap partition walls and breaking of sidelights in shared tenant spaces.
• Most Access Control systems incorporate battery back-up systems and locks are located on the secure side of the door, but it is still possible to spoof the locking hardware through magnetic force, removing or adding current.
• Access cards attacks from a user’s proximity card. To counter this, dual authentication methods should always be used.
• Sequential attacks where the credential in the system can be easily found by “serial logic.”
• Mechanical key bumping.

• Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) where access is granted by the user or resources attributes or environmental conditions.
• Discretionary Access Control (DAC) where the data owner determines the hierarchy of who can access resources based on certain permissions.
• History-Based Access Control (HBAC) based on the real-time evaluation of a history of activities of the inquiring party like the personal behavior, the time between requests, and the content of requests.
• Identity-Based Access Control (IBAC) based on individual needs.
• Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to define the level of trust where users do not have the freedom to determine who has access to their files (security clearance and classification of data as confidential, secret or top secret).
• Organization-Based Access control (OrBAC) defined in corporate security policies.
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) or Responsibility-Based Access control which allows access based on the job title or responsibilities.
• Rule-Based Access Control (RAC) which is context or time-based.

SUS Global Enterprises operates with the following automatic detection alarms:

• Burglar silent alarms to warn our guards and increase the chances of catching the offender.
• Alarm clocks at a set time to wake a person up or for other reminders.
• Distributed control systems (DCS) to direct the operator’s attention to an important event that has to be addressed.
• Alarms in an operation and maintenance (O&M) monitoring system, which inform about the working state of a system under monitoring.
• Safety alarms like:
  • civil defense sirens, tornado sirens, and air-raid sirens
  • fire alarm systems, multiple-alarm fire detectors, carbon monoxide monitors, and heat and smoke detectors
  • car alarms
  • autodialer or community alarm
  • personal alarms
  • tocsins (an alarm or other signal sounded by a bell or bells)

Alarms cause a fight-or-flight response in humans and often lead to panic and ineffective evaluation of the perceived danger. Trained personnel is more prepared to detect, evaluate, act upon, and eliminate dangers because the thought process is maintained into a rational state, but false alarms (“false positives”) waste human and material resources expensively and can be extremely dangerous for they can lead to an “accommodation factor” making us become less responsive to a real alarm, or lead to injuries for induced fatigue or nerve overload. To fight false alarms, SUS Global Enterprises effectuates regular technical inspections and verifications of our materials and takes malfunction signals seriously from the first notification.

SUS Global Enterprises security guards and fire watches are trained to handle remotely monitored alarms. Automatic signaling systems help significantly reduce the time between discovering fire and notifying the fire and rescue services. In addition to our fire watches, the implementation of those is mandatory or auxiliary for:

• big, complex, and costly buildings;
• residential care premises;
• non-domestic premises in multiple occupations, not-continuously occupied or low-frequented, category P, and category L premises.
• system “Fault” monitoring and maintenance.

Monitoring refers to the systematic, continual, and active or passive observation of persons, places, things, or processes. Surveillance is used to indicate targeted monitoring of activities by police or security officials for specific evidence of crimes or other wrongdoing.

Monitoring technologies encompass a variety of communications, computing, electromechanical, imaging, robotics, and sensing devices and systems like closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems, global positioning and tracking devices, and metal or contraband detection devices. In all these situations, monitoring technologies are intended to facilitate the detection and warning of unusual and potentially unsafe or threatening behaviors, conditions, or developments.

Source: Encyclopedia.com

Video content analysis (VCA) is the capability of automatically analyzing video to detect and determine temporal and spatial evens that can possibly serve as identification, behavior analysis or other forms of situation awareness. Relying on good input video, it often combines video enhanced technologies and may include video motion, video tracking, and egomotion estimation.

Live recording enables your business to be more economically and effectively protected. With our cloud and on-premises recording solutions, we provide broad digital camera support and encrypted accessed via the web and/or mobile applications to facilitate intervention and post-intervention measures and timely response.